
     砥  p⥭  p뢠饥 ⠫쭮
ᠭ p 奬孨 UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supplies).
p,  p⪮   ᭮  奬孨, p祭
   ᭮, 室 p ᪥  室饩
 UPS   p 㦤.   p, ᫨  -
 ᤥ ⨬ 롮p.

p ⮢ p ᯮ짮 p  "The Power Protection
HandBook" p American Power Conversion,   ᠬ 
 p㯭 p⥫ UPS  p p뭪.

With best regards,
P.S. aka Serge    (Serge Polubarjev, 2:5052/2.0@fidonet)

**********************************************************************

                ***** H *****

Sags      -  p㣮  Brownouts - p⪮p 
             p殮  饩 p. H 
             p.

Blackout  -   p p殮  饩 p.

Spike     -  p⪮p ᮪  p
             p殮  p (⥫쭮 - ᥪ㭤).

Surge     -  p⪮p 襭 p殮  ,
             p⥫쭮 1/120 ᥪ  .

Noise     -  ᪠ ᨭᮨ쭮 p ⮪, 뢠
             p묨 (EMI)  p묨 (RFI) 堬.

 ᮮ⢥⢨  ᯥ䨪ﬨ p諥 ⠭p⮢, p
᫥騥 p p殮:

Sags      -  < -20% RMS nominal;
Spikes    -  > +100% nominal peak;
Surges    -  > +10% RMS nominal.


**********************************************************************

             **** H   UPS ****


1. The generic UPS topology.

           Ŀ                Ŀ
In >͵  1  ͵  2  ͻ Ŀ
                               ͵\   
                                                 \ > Out
          Ŀ    Ŀ     Ŀ     Ĵ  6 
      Ĵ  3  Ĵ  4  Ĵ  5   
                    

    1 - surge supressor
    2 - filter
    3 - battery charger
    4 - battery
    5 - inverter DC/AC
    6 - transfer switch

UPS, p   奬,   p  p
 室    2 p p - Standby  On-line. 
砥,  p殮   室  ⨬ p (Standby
mode), transfer switch p祭  p⥪ ⮪ p㧪  楯
[1]-[2].  ⮬ p UPS 祬  ⫨砥  몭 ⥢
䨫p. H ⠡樨 p殮  p室.

 砥 室 p殮   ⨬ p, transfer switch
p砥  ⠭ p㧪  楯 [3]-[4]-[5] (On-line mode),
..  p p p, pp㥬 pp  AC
220V.

ᮡ  ⥬  ⮬,  p祭  on-line p 室
p殮   ⨬ p p室 ,  p 
standby mode -  易⥫쭮 p  ᪮쪮 ᥪ㭤. , p
p p᪠ p殮  , p室  pp뢭
p祭 standby/on-line  p⭮,  p   ⥫
᪠ ⮪ p㧪   室   p   ᡮ 
 p.

p ⮬ ᫥ ,   奬   
⠡樨 p殮 p p  standby mode , ᫥⥫쭮,
p室  on-line p  p襭 p殮 . p
p p p室  p, 祬 p p. 
砥 ᯮ짮 battery charger' ⥫쭮 魮,  뫮
 ᯥ ⠭ pp  on-line mode   뤠
charger' ⮪ (⢥,   砥 blackout'),  p
UPS p ⮬ p p.

 ⮩ p稭, 魮 battery charger'   奬 筮
롨p ⭮⥫쭮 ,  p室 p  p  p
brownout's  p. ⥫쭮,  砥 ⢥
饩 ,  ⮯ UPS p   p稭:

) p  p室  on-line p 筮 p pp裂,
 ᯥ ⠭   p standby mode,  p 祣
UPS p ᯮᮡ ᯥ p ⠭ p㧪  祭
p㥬 p;

) ⮥ p  横 pp/p p ᮪p頥 p
㦡 p p.

  ,   奬 p 設⢮ p
ppp UPS,  ⭮,  Back-UPS p American Power
Conversion.


2. The on-line without bypass topology.


           Ŀ    Ŀ     Ŀ
   In >Ĵ  1  Ĵ  2  Ĵ  3  > Out
                    

    1 - battery charger
    2 - battery
    3 - inverter DC/AC

 ⮩ ⮯ UPS pp뢭 p⠥  on-line mode,  p祭
p p 饣 p殮   p室. p 稨
饣 p殮   魮, p塞 pp 
p, 筮   p  battery charger'.
 ⮯ p p,  ⮫쪮   ( 1-1.5kVA)
UPS,  ⥫ ⥯ p p  pp ⮪.


3. The standby on-line hybrid topology.

           Ŀ
In >͵  1  ͻ Ŀ
                        ͵ Ĵ>Ŀ    Ŀ
                                         Ĵ  6  > Out
       Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ĵ Ĵ>5   
      Ĵ  2  Ĵ  3  Ĵ  4   
          

    1 - rectifier
    2 - battery charger
    3 - battery
    4 - standby DC/DC converter
    5 - combiner
    6 - inverter DC/AC

Standby DC/DC converter  ⮩ 奬 砥 ⮫쪮  砥
p㦥 ᡮ  饬 ⥢ p殮. Battery charger 
 魮,    generic UPS.  砥 p쭮 ⥢
p殮,  pשׂ  䨫p rectifier', ᫥ 祣
㯠  pp, pp騩  p⭮  AC 220V.
p⢮ ⮩ 奬,   p饩,  ᮪
⠡쭮 室 p殮  p᪨  ⢨
p室 pᮢ p ᡮ p殮  饩 .

 ⮩ 奬 p,  ⭮, ⠪ UPS,  Unison Unipower 
Exide Personal Powerware.


4. The standby-ferro topology


                                  Ŀ
               Ŀ             )     
In >͵  \ ͵ )     
                  1              )  (  
                              ( > Out
                                   )  (  
       Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ĵ )     
      Ĵ  2  Ĵ  3  Ĵ  4     )    5
             

    1 - transfer switch
    2 - battery charger
    3 - battery
    4 - inverter DC/AC
    5 - transformer

 奬 p  ᯥ樠쭮 p审筮 ppp. p
p쭮 p殮   p transfer switch  p
ppp  p㧪.  砥 ⪠   ⠭ p㧪
⢫ pp p p ,  transfer switch  
p p.
pp ᪠ ⮫쪮 ⮣,  p㦥 ⪠  
p transfer switch. ppp   奬 p⠥ ⠪,
 ppp ⠡p p殮, ᯥ稢 
p祭 p ⠡ ⥢ p殮  ᣫ
"㯥쪨", 饩 p p pp.
 좠᪠ p離 楯 p㧪  饩 p
ᯥ稢  , 祬   䨫p. ,
ppp ᠬ  ᥡ   ᪠  p室
p, p  p    ᭥, 祬
室 ᡮ 饩 . p ⮣,   ⥯ p p
pp樨, ⠪ 筨   .

H  UPS, p  ⠪ 奬, 
BEST Ferrups. p⥫ p pp UPS  ⥬,
 On-line,  , ⢥, ⠪  .


5. The line-interactive topology.

                Ŀ
   In >͵  \ >ͻ
                    1                     Ŀ
                                           AC
                                                     > Out
                                            DC    3  
                Ŀ  Charging (normal)  
                  2  <     
                                                  
                     >ͼ
                  Discharging (power fail)

    1 - transfer switch
    2 - battery
    3 - inverter

 ⮩ 奬 pp ᥣ ᮥ  室 UPS  p⠢
ᮡ ᫮ 㧥,  p   ⠡樨 
䨫p樨 ⥢ p殮, ᫥   p, p
p鸞 p p p쭮 p殮   p室  p
⠭ p p p ⥢ p殮. p
⥫쭮  ⠡樨 p殮,  奬 ᯮᮡ
p  p쭮 p p  ᫮,   UPS 㦥
p襫   p ⠭.    奬 
p  p  p  ⢠.

묨 p⠢⥫ﬨ  ⮯  UPS BEST Fortress,
APC Smart-UPS  APC Back-UPS Pro.


            **** p稥 pp⨪ UPS ****

⥫ ppp -   祭  ⠢  
⨯ UPS. ᯥ稢 p᪨   㬮
⠢  좠  ⠥ p㤮  
p ⮪.

(p砭 -  쭥襬  p  p ⮫쪮 
p  p APC, .. p ⮩ ᠭ  pᯮ
묨 p㪮⢠ p㣨 p-p⥫)


- Power capacity

p쭮 ⨬ 魮 p㧪. 筮 㪠뢠 
-p (VA), p -   (W).  pp: 650 VA = 410 W.

  p APC pp ᫥騩 p 祭:

Back-UPS             - 250, 400, 600, 900, 1250 VA
Back-UPS Pro         - 280, 420, 650 VA
Smart-UPS            - 250, 400, 600, 900, 1250, 2000 VA
Smart-UPS XL series  - 600, 900, 2000 VA
Smart-UPS RM series  - 600, 1250, 2000 VA
Matrix UPS           - 3000, 5000 VA

- Input voltage window for utility operation

 p殮,  p p ᯥ稢 ⠭ p㧪
 p室  p.

Back-UPS             - 196...264V AC
Back-UPS Pro         - 175...296V AC
Smart-UPS, Smart XL, Smart RM  - 196...253V AC (p 196V AC UPS
p室  ⠡ p殮, .. SmartBoost(tm),
p稢饬  室 p殮  p 12% p
⪫ 室 -15%...-24%   - 筠 ⥬
⠡樨 AVR p   Back-UPS Pro).
Matrix UPS           - -25...+15% of nominal

- Transfer time (typical/max)

p p祭  p ⠭ p p p殮
 .

Back-UPS             -  
Back-UPS Pro         - 2/4 ms
Smart-UPS, XL, RM    - 2/4 ms
Matrix UPS           - 0 ms

- Typical recharge time

p ⠭  p  50% pp鸞  90%. 
p  APC   4  10 ᮢ. ᪮p
⠭ p⥫쭮  砥 祭  ⢠
p. (p砭 - 設⢮ p⥫ ᯮ
ᢨ殢-᫮ p 㦨 p).

   ⢮ pp,    p
ᯥ樠⠬,   筮 짮⥫. p ⮣,  p p
롮p p 稥/⢨ p p䥩  UPS,
饣 ᫥   ﭨ  믮 ⮬᪨
shutdown ⥬  ᫥騬 몫祭 ⠭  砥 p᪮
pp鸞 p,  ⠪ 稥 pp 몠 p 
⨪,  Smart-UPS.

************************************************************************

⠪,    訡  롮p UPS  ᢮ p!

